HVAC Pricing Guide for Profitable Jobs

Learn how to price every job profitably using net profit pricing, the only method that guarantees your margin.

The HVAC Job Pricing Formula

The correct way to price an HVAC job for a specific net profit margin is: Selling Price = Total Cost ÷ (1 − Target Net Profit %). This is net profit pricing , your margin is a percentage of what the customer pays, not a percentage added on top of cost. The sections below explain how to build Total Cost correctly.

How to Calculate HVAC Overhead Per Hour

HVAC overhead includes shop rent, truck payments, insurance, and software. Divide each division's allocated overhead by its billable hours, not total paid hours, to get the true overhead rate per job hour for that division.

The Net Profit Pricing Formula

Selling Price = Total Cost ÷ (1 − Target Net Profit %)

This formula ensures every job hits your target net profit percentage. Instead of guessing or copying competitors, you calculate the exact price needed to cover all costs and achieve your profit goals.

Example:

  • Total Job Cost: $500
  • Target Net Profit: 20%
  • Selling Price = $500 ÷ (1 − 0.20) = $500 ÷ 0.80 = $625
  • Net Profit = $625 − $500 = $125 (exactly 20% of selling price)

Understanding Labor Burden

Labor burden includes all the costs beyond base wages that you pay for each employee. Typical burden rates range from 35–50% of base wages.

Included in Labor Burden:

  • Payroll taxes (FICA, FUTA, SUTA)
  • Workers compensation insurance
  • Health insurance
  • Retirement contributions
  • Paid time off (vacation, sick, holidays)

Common Mistake

Many contractors only use base wages when pricing jobs, leaving 35–50% of labor costs uncovered. This eats directly into your profit margin.

Fully Loaded Labor Rate = Base Wage × (1 + Labor Burden %)

Example: $25/hr base wage × 1.40 (40% burden) = $35/hr fully loaded

Overhead Per Hour: How It Works

Overhead costs must be spread across every billable hour to ensure they're recovered. The calculator does this separately for your service and install divisions.

Overhead Per Hour (OPH) Calculation:

  1. Sum all monthly overhead costs
  2. Split between divisions based on your allocation (e.g., 50/50 default)
  3. Calculate each division's billable hours using productivity percentage
  4. Divide each division's overhead by its billable hours to get division OPH
  5. Apply that OPH per job hour on every job in that division

Why productivity percentage matters for OPH

Billable hours are not the same as paid hours. Technicians spend real time on travel, paperwork, callbacks, and training, none of which is billed to a customer. The productivity percentage captures this gap. Your overhead has to be recovered across fewer hours than you pay for.

Service: ~68% productivity

3 techs × 160 hrs × 68% = 326 billable hours/mo

Install: ~80% productivity

Higher because crews are on-site most of the day

If billable hours are overstated, OPH will be understated, and every job will be underpriced.

Fixed Overhead Examples:

  • • Rent / mortgage
  • • Office staff wages
  • • Insurance (liability, vehicle)
  • • Software subscriptions
  • • Marketing costs
  • • Owner salary

Variable Overhead Examples:

  • • Fuel costs per job
  • • Credit card processing fees
  • • Permit fees
  • • Disposal fees
  • • Sales commissions

Service vs Install: Overhead Differences

How to split overhead between divisions

If your business does both service calls and installations, you need to decide what percentage of overhead each division carries. There is no universal right answer, the split should reflect how your divisions actually consume overhead resources. Common approaches:

  • By revenue share: If service generates 60% of your revenue, allocate 60% of overhead to service.
  • By headcount: Allocate proportionally based on technician count in each division.
  • By operational cost: Service typically has more driving, dispatch, and per-call overhead; install crews tend to be on-site longer per dollar of overhead consumed.
  • 50/50: A reasonable starting point if both divisions are similar in size or you don't yet have data to split more precisely.

Review your split at least annually as your business mix changes.


Install jobs: overhead is based on job hours, not man-hours

This is one of the most important distinctions in HVAC job pricing and one of the most commonly misunderstood.

When a two-person crew works an 8-hour install job, you have 16 man-hours of labor , but your overhead for that job is based on 8 hours, not 16. Your rent, your truck payment, your office staff all run for 8 hours regardless of how many people you put on the job. Sending a bigger crew does not double your overhead for the day.

Labor, scales with crew size

2-person crew, 8 hours = 16 man-hours
Labor Cost = 16 hrs × fully loaded rate

Overhead, tied to clock time only

2-person crew, 8 hours = 8 job hours
Overhead Cost = 8 hrs × Install OPH

Recommended Profit Targets

Industry experts recommend targeting 15–25% net profit for a healthy HVAC business. Here's how to think about profit targets:

10–15%

Minimum Viable

Covers basic operations but leaves little room for growth

15–20%

Healthy Target

Sustainable growth and reasonable owner compensation

20–25%

Excellent

Strong cash reserves and expansion capability

Common Pricing Mistakes to Avoid

1

Using markup instead of margin

A 20% markup on cost is NOT the same as 20% profit. A $100 cost with 20% markup = $120 selling price, but your profit is only 16.7% ($20 ÷ $120). Use the net profit formula instead.

2

Forgetting labor burden

Using only base wages means you're underpricing every job by 35–50%.

3

Not tracking all overhead

Every business cost must be covered by your pricing. Forgotten costs come directly out of your profit.

4

Overstating billable hours

If you assume techs are billable 100% of the time, your OPH will be too low and every job will be underpriced. A service tech is realistically billable 65–70% of paid hours. Use a realistic productivity percentage.

5

Copying competitor prices

Your costs are different. Competitor prices may be based on guesswork or different business structures. Calculate YOUR profitable price.